微针药物递送作为新型经皮递送技术，是一种主动皮肤渗透增强技术。微针呈针状结构，其长度通常为几百微米，将其作用皮肤后，可以突破角质层皮肤屏障，仅以微创方式穿透表皮，在皮肤上形成微米大小的孔，以增强药物传递，而不会损伤真皮中的神经元，从而最大限度地减少与透皮给药相关的疼痛，显示出改善的皮肤渗透性并增强透皮给药。这可以克服传统注射给患者带来的不适感，针头恐惧感和副作用，同时具有无痛无创的特点，给药简单方便，提高患者的依从性。随着微针制备技术的提升，微针技术在医药领域取得了显著的成果。微针技术的发展有利于实现温度敏感型药物的脱冷链运输及储存，可大幅降低运输成本。

微针药物递送技术结合了注射给药和透皮给药的优势，能够大幅度拓展经皮给药的药物种类，如生物大分子的蛋白、多肽、疫苗、DNA以及强亲水性药物和强疏水性药物。

不溶于水的微针针尖表面包衣一层药物，微针扎入皮内能快速释放药物，适用于微量、精准定量给药。

以水溶性的药用高分子辅料为微针基质， 将药物/活性成分均匀分散于基质材料中或者针尖的基质材料中形成微针贴片， 当微针针尖进入皮内时，能够快速溶解并释放药物。

微针贴片不溶于水，针尖进入皮内后形成溶胀凝胶， 微针贴片上面的药物能够沿着溶胀凝胶打开的给药通道进入体内，实现药物释放， 释药后的针尖能够被完整移出皮内。是透皮给药技术的改进，适用于大剂量透皮给药。

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